Time series of Sky Lapse © 2025 videos

The following panorama image was taken using the "Camera" app on my Apple iPad mini 6, set for "Pano" mode. This is the first time I've used the "Pano" mode of the "Camera" app -- it's simple to use and I must say I'm impressed by the results.

15 October 2025. Facing north. (8716 x 3819 pixels)

I created a YouTube video that features a time series of four "Sky Lapse © 2025" videos, each one approximately 14 seconds in duration. All of the video clips were taken with my GoPro HERO4 Black action camera mounted in a fixed position at four different locations on top of the parking garage for the building where I live. The camera was set for "Video" mode/ "Time Lapse Video" submode, using a resolution of 4K and an interval of two (2) seconds.

All four video clips show what I think are mid-level altocumulus clouds. The first clip shows the view facing north. The second clip was taken with the camera facing almost directly overhead. The third clip was taken facing south, and the fourth clip was taken facing south-southwest.

15 October 2025. (1:02)

Video Highlights

Frame grabs from the third video segment should help the viewer notice two things.

First, a Spotted Lanternfly photobombed my shot. The insect made its first appearance near the 01:02 minute mark, highlighted by a red square located in the lower-left corner of the following frame grab. From there the Spotted Lanternfly moved along the top of a concrete wall until it flew away.

Spotted Lanternfly, highlighted by red square (lower-left corner).

Second, "Crepuscular rays" are faintly visible between the bottom of the cloud deck and the horizon during the last part of the third video segment. The rays appear to radiate from the Sun (hidden partially by clouds) toward the ground.

Crepuscular rays (between bottom of cloud deck and horizon).

Tech Tips

I used an aluminum tripod mount for my iPad mini 6, plus the small Bluetooth shutter release that was bundled with the tripod mount in order to start/stop the Pano image shown at the beginning of this blog post.

Related Resources

• Altocumulus (Ac) | International Cloud Atlas - World Meteorological Organization
• Crepuscular Rays - Google search results
• Crepuscular rays | International Cloud Atlas - World Meteorological Organization
• Crepuscular Rays: sun rays converging on the horizon - WW2010. Department of Atmospheric Sciences (DAS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. [USA]
• iPad/tablet tripod mount - a blog post by Walter Sanford
• 5 Hidden Ways To Release The iPhone Shutter (22:12) - A YouTube video by iPhone Photography School

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.

Circumscribed Halo

An Oval Circumscribed Halo and 22° Halo was observed from the Hollin Meadows Swim & Tennis Club, Fairfax County, Virginia USA.

The circumscribed halo is typically a brightly coloured oval around the sun. It is tangential to the inner 22° halo directly above and below the sun and is brightest there. Sometimes local brightenings of the 22° halo are the only sign of it. Its shape depends very much on the solar altitude. Source Credit: Atmospheric Optics.

I used a fence post to block the disc of the Sun and shot the photos at -3 exposure value (ev). The camera LCD was so dark it was like looking at the Sun through welder's glass! Photo 2 (of 2) also shows a contrail.

Photo 1 (of 2).

Photo 2 (of 2).

Halos and other types of atmospheric optical phenomena are caused by high altitude cirroform clouds such as cirrostratus. Cirroform clouds are composed almost entirely of ice crystals. Sometimes the ice crystals are the right shape and in the right orientation to cause optical phenomena such as the halo shown above.

Tech Tips

The preceding photos were taken with my Panasonic DMC-FZ150 superzoom digital camera, using the following settings: ISO 100; focal length 4.5mm (25mm, 35mm camera equivalent); -3 ev; aperture f/8; shutter speed 1/2,000 second.

Related Resources

• Halo Phenomena | International Cloud Atlas - World Meteorological Organization
• What Causes Halos, Sundogs, and Sun Pillars? - National Weather Service [USA]
• Atmospheric Optical Phenomena (except Rainbows and Aurora) - Colorado State University [USA]
• The Formation of Snow Crystzls - American Scientist
• A Guide to Snowflakes - Caltech [USA]

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved,

Stratocumulapse

How long should a time lapse video be? The consensus seems to be the "Goldilocks" duration is somewhere between 10 seconds and 30 seconds.

Two video clips were combined using Apple iMovie: one of the shorter test clips (5 s) featured in my last blog post; and a slightly longer clip (14 s) that I shot after my test clip turned out successfully. Both clips show stratocumulus clouds in the sky over Fairfax County, Virginia USA on 10 October 2025.

10 October 2025. Facing south-southwest. (26 s)

Tech Tips

Both video clips were taken with my GoPro HERO4 Black action camera mounted in a fixed position. The camera was set for "Video" mode / "Time Lapse Video" submode, using a resolution of 4K and an interval of two (2) seconds.

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.

Stratocumulus clouds

Stratiform clouds are layered, sheetlike clouds that cover all or almost all of the sky. Cumuliform clouds are puffy clouds that look like cotton balls. Stratocumulus clouds have characteristics of both stratiform and cumuliform clouds.

The following 4K time lapse videos were created on 10 October 2025 using my GoPro HERO4 action camera. The camera was set for "Video" mode / "Time Lapse Video" submode. Both videos show stratocumulus clouds in the sky over Fairfax County, Virginia USA.

The first video was taken with the camera mounted in a fixed position.

10 October 2025. Facing south-southwest. (14 s)

The last video was taken with the camera mounted on a mechanical kitchen timer that rotates counterclockwise. Time lapse expert Matthew Vandeputte calls this type of video a "Motion Control Time Lapse."

10 October 2025. Facing north-northwest. (14 s)

Experience has shown it can be challenging to align the camera so that everything looks level as the camera pans around the horizon. Look closely at the preceding video and you should notice the problem easily. Practical suggestions for working around this problem are invited and welcome.

Tech Tips

The time lapse videos featured in several of my recent blog posts were recorded in 4K using an interval of five (5) seconds. Some of those videos look a little "jittery." I decided to try making a couple of short test videos to see whether an interval of two (2) seconds works better than five seconds. I think it does. What's your opinion?

Related Resources

• Stratocumulus (Sc) | International Cloud Atlas - World Meteorological Organization
• Cloud Classification - National Weather Service [USA]
• Clouds and Cloud Chart (PDF) - Environment Canada
• Stratocumulus clouds - Met Office [UK]
• Sky Lapse 360 © 2025 - a blog post by Walter Sanford

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.

Sky Lapse 360 © 2025

The following time lapse video shows a nearly 360 degree view of the sky over Fairfax County, Virginia USA on 03 October 2025.

03 October 2025. (0.28 seconds)

The 4K video was created using my GoPro HERO4 Black action camera set for "Video" mode / "Time Lapse Video" submode -- the simplest of several ways to create time lapse videos using the HERO4. I used an interval of five seconds. In retrospect I think two seconds would have been better.

Two classes of clouds are shown in the video: lower altitude cumuliform clouds; and higher altitude cirroform clouds. Notice the cumuliform clouds seem to form and dissipate without moving. (My good friend Luis Acosta was the first person who made this observation.) I speculate this might be the result of the Sun heating the Earth's surface, causing convection cells in the lower atmosphere.

Time Lapse or Hyperlapse?

By definition the camera is mounted in a fixed position when making time lapses; the camera moves for hyperlapses.

My action camera is mounted on a one-hour mechanical kitchen timer that rotates 360° counterclockwise, so the camera pans in the same direction. Yet the entire rig is connected to a camera tripod, so I think the line between time lapse and hyperlapse is somewhat blurry in this case. Time lapse expert Matthew Vandeputte calls the type of video I shot a "Motion Control Time Lapse." What's your opinion?

Tech Tips

The following photograph shows my Rube Goldberg machine "Sky Lapse 360 © 2025" time lapse/hyperlapse rig.

"Sky Lapse 360 © 2025" time lapse/hyperlapse rig.

The component parts, numbered in the preceding photo, are listed below.

1. GoPro HERO4 Black action camera
2. GoPro tripod mount adapter
3. Suction cup camera mount (repurposed from RTL-SDR Antenna Kit)
4. Kitchen timer (available from Amazon)
5. Ulanzi R101 Universl MagSafe to 1/4 20 Tripod Base Mount for iPhone
6. Manfrotto 323 RC2 Quick Release Adapter with 200PL-14 323
7. Safety strap

The suction cup camera mount (3) is shown in the following photo. The suction cup itself is approximately the same diameter as the top of the kitchen timer (4). Most suction cups are too wide to work with the timer.

Suction cup included with RTL-SDR Antenna Kit.

Another possible source for a suction cup is available from AliExpress: 6 Types Mini Suction Cup Mount Tripod (select Color Name: 5). The price for a single suction cup seems to be a great bargain but the cost for shipping and handling plus the time it takes for delivery from China might make the "RTL-SDR Antenna Kit" the better option for obtaining a suction cup that fits the kitchen timer.

Of course you might simply use one of the flat adhesive mounts available from GoPro to connect a camera mount to the top of the kitchen timer (4), more or less permanently. I didn't want to go that route since adhesive mounts are difficult to remove.

The Ulanzi MagSafe tripod mount (5) is magnetic on one side and connects to the magnet on the bottom of the kitchen timer (4). I wish both magnets were stronger, but the grip seems to be strong enough to hold the time lapse/hyperlapse camera rig securely.

I used the clip on the GoPro HERO4 Black camera protective housing to connect a safety strap to the camera/camera rig. Better safe than sorry, right?

When it's time to assemble the rig, I recommend aligning the front of the action camera with the pointer/zero mark on the kitchen timer.

The Backstory

Quite a while ago I watched several YouTube videos that demonstrated how to make panoramic time lapse videos using an inexpensive IKEA "Ordning" kitchen timer. (See "Related Resources, below.) That particular model is no longer available so I searched for similar timers with a flat top and bottom. The one available from Amazon is the closest match I found.

Related Resources

• GoPro Hero - 360 Degree Panning Timer - IKEA - Ordning - Part 1 (3:50) - a YouTube video by Travel with Brynmag
• How I Used $10 Egg Timer To Create Spinning Time Lapse - Filmmaking Tips (5:10) - a YouTube video Russo Mutuc {Editor's Note: Believe it or not, I discovered this video after I bought a similar timer.]
• Hyperlapse vs Timelapse EXPLAINED (3:49) - a YouTube video by Matthew Vandeputte
• More "Sky Lapse ©" Videos - a blog post by Walter Sanford

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.

"Skyku ©" poetry

"A traditional haiku is a three-line Japanese poem with a 5-7-5 syllable structure. The lines don't rhyme and the poem should be readable in a single breath. ... Content [is] traditionally about nature or the seasons." (Source credit: Google search results for "Haiku format.")

A "Skyku © 2025" poem is a haiku about the sky, day or night. For example ...

Cumiliform shapes.

Nephelococcygia.

Imagination.

The word "nephelococcygia" means looking for shapes in the clouds that resemble animals, objects, etc. 

Fishermen on Accotink Bay

The preceding photograph shows a view from the shoreline of Accotink Bay. I shot the photo on 16 August 2013 at Accotink Bay Wildlife Refuge, a 1,200 acre preserve located at Army Garrison Fort Belvoir, Fairfax County, Virginia USA.

Related Resources: Visit the Carl Sandburg Sky Poetry Web page, including Carl Sandburg MS student-authored sky poems. As you will see, we don't just talk the talk, we walked the walk.

Copyright © 2025 by Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.

More "Sky Lapse ©" Videos

The following "Sky Lapse © 2025" time lapse videos were created on 15 September 2025 using my GoPro HERO4 Black action camera. The camera was set for "Video" mode / "Time Lapse Video" submode -- the simplest of several ways to create time lapse videos using the HERO4.

Tech Tip: For best results, press the gear icon in the YouTube video player and set the "Playback speed" to 0.50x.

15 September 2025. Facing west-southwest. (~5 s)

Two classes of clouds are shown in both videos: puffy cumuliform clouds made mostly of small water droplets; and thin, wispy cirroform clouds made mostly of ice crystals.

Notice the lower altitude cumiliform clouds seem to be moving faster and in a different direction than the higher cirroform clouds. Meteorologists call that vertical wind shear.

15 September 2025. Facing north. (~10 s)

What are the take-aways?

My last blog post features time lapse videos created using the Apple "Camera" app. The time lapse videos in this post were created using my GoPro HERO4 Black. Both methods make it easy to create time lapse videos that look good straight out of camera. Question is, are the results equally good?

I think the GoPro's 16:9 aspect ratio looks more cinematic than the default 4:3 aspect ratio of the Apple "Camera" app. And I like the fact no frames are dropped in GoPro time lapse videos, in contrast with the somewhat mysterious process Apple uses to create time lapse videos.

On the other hand, "the best camera is the one you have with you" [Source Credit: Chase Jarvis] and there's no doubt people are more likely to be carrying an iPhone than a GoPro action camera, especially one that was released during Fall 2014. Having said that, I like the results I'm getting with my 11 year old GoPro! 

More Tech Tips

There is no viewfinder screen on the back of the HERO4 Black, only a small "Camera Status Screen" on the front of the camera. Although it’s possible to operate the HERO4 Black manually using only the small screen on the front of the camera, it’s less than ideal for navigating menus and making settings.

In my opinion, it’s much easier to pair the camera with either a smart phone or tablet running the GoPro “Quik” app and use one of those devices to control the camera remotely. In this case I used the GoPro "Quik" app [Version 13.20.2 (18532)] running on an Apple iPad mini 6.

It's very difficult to see the screen of my iPad in bright sunlight. I like to prepare the "Quik" app in a shady spot such as Level 6 of the parking garage for the building where I live before going to L7 (the top level) to shoot "Sky Lapses © 2025."

Hey, that's me!

I recommend turning off Notifications and turning on Airplane Mode. Turn on Wi-Fi and connect to your GoPro camera. Launch the "Quik" app and connect the app to the GoPro camera. Be sure the camera is set for "Time Lapse Video" Mode with an Interval of 5 seconds and a Resolution of 4K at 30 fps.

Go to the shooting location and compose the scene. The red record button toggles recording on/off. Press the red record button and wait patiently.

Battery life and duration of video clip highlighted by red rectangle.

Press the red record button when you're ready to stop recording.

Related Resources

• GoPro time lapse submodes - a blog post by Walter Sanford
• Both Sides Now

Copyright © 2025. Walter Sanford. All rights reserved.